The stakeholder consultation on the topic Society 5.0 and Artificial Intelligence with a Human Face was organised by ICRIER as part of its deliberations on AI and data sharing frameworks to formulate India’s position on this issue at the G-20 Summit, held in Japan this year. Numerous stakeholders representing the private sector, academia, national and international non-governmental organisations, alongside representatives from the Department of Economic Affairs and the Ministry of External Affairs attended and contributed to the discussion. The discussion began with opening remarks delivered by Rajat Kathuria, Director and CE, ICRIER, highlighting the disruptive nature of AI-related technologies. He emphasised the need for societies to be resilient and convert AI related challenges into developmental opportunities. The findings of the research conducted by ICRIER were presented by Richa Sekhani, Researcher, ICRIER. Her presentation began with a description of Annual Report 2018-19 74 Participants at the Stakeholders’ Consultation on Society 5.0 and Artificial Intelligence with a Human Face the relationship between social and technological evolution and went on to highlight how, acknowledging the growth impact of AI, various G20 countries have or are in the process of devising national AI-based strategies, combined with significant participation from the private sector. The presentation highlighted AI’s potential for good but also noted the challenges facing the implementation of AI-based solutions, and the various policy solutions currently being implemented to tackle such challenges. The presentation ended with broad questions for stakeholders relating to the role of AI in achieving SDGs, the challenges of adopting and implementing AI, the way forward and the scope for collaboration among G20 countries. The participants acknowledged the role of the state in developing AI for good but also discussed the key areas where the government has a role in developing the AI ecosystem. Some drew attention to the challenges of regulating algorithms that drive AI, noting how algorithms are protected by proprietary laws, which hinder an understanding of the social implications of the AI in use. The participants agreed that regulating algorithms is difficult given the ‘Black Box’ nature of AI. The discussion also devoted attention to the importance of developing state and private sector capacity to facilitate fair and transparent use of AI in India’s AI-based ecosystem. Acknowledging the centrality of data in running AI-based applications, the participants discussed the challenging trade-off between data privacy and AI related innovation. They stressed the importance of data flows and the implications of legislations such as data localisation on the availability of data to India’s AI-based ecosystem.